Bolster, JL; Ford-Jones, P; Donnelly, EA; Batt, AM. Connecting the dots: applying network theories to enhance integrated paramedic care for people who use drugs. Systems. 2025;13(605). https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13070605
Abstract
The evolving role of paramedics presents a unique opportunity to enhance care for people who use drugs, a population disproportionately affected by systemic barriers and inequities. In fragmented healthcare systems, paramedics are well-positioned to improve access through initiatives such as social prescribing and harm reduction. This theory-driven commentary explores how Network Theory and Actor Network Theory provide valuable theoretical underpinnings to conceptualize and strengthen the inte-gration of paramedics into care networks. By emphasizing the centrality of paramedics and their connections with both human and non-human actors, these theories illumi-nate the relational dynamics that influence effective care delivery. We argue that lev-eraging paramedics’ positionality can address gaps in system navigation, improve pa-tient outcomes, and inform policy reforms. Future work should examine the roles of other key actors, strengthen paramedic advocacy, and identify strategies to overcome barriers to care for people who use drugs.
Keywords: substance use; integrated care; drug use; paramedicine; drug policy; health policy; network theory; actor network theory; harm reduction; social prescribing